Today in 6 months, you will be asked to put a cross in a box. Depending on where you live, you may have more than one cross and more than one box to put it in, and there’s a big kerfuffle about that, but that aside, I am hoping that it will be the last cross you ever have to put in a box in a national context. I am hoping that next time, you’ll have numbers to put in your boxes.
Now, I have gone on the record a couple of times declaring that AV is a scam. And so last time I left off promising to explain why I had decided to campaign for AV.
I’m not going to take you on a tour of the Yes campaign arguments, good though they are. You can look them up for yourself. I’m not even going to stay on message as far the Yes campaign is concerned – these are my personal reasons and I speak only for myself.
So let’s talk first about why AV is a scam. The first time I said this was when Gordon Brown first brought it up in the run-up to the general election, in an attempt to pander to the Lib Dems. If you know anything about the Lib Dems you will know that they would like to move to a proportional voting system, which would reflect the percentage of votes gained by a party in the percentage of seats they receive in Parliament. For a party which needs about 126,000 votes for every seat it gains in Parliament, while its main rivals need somewhere in the range of 30-35,000, this is completely understandable. But looking beyond individual party interests, it seems obvious to me from looking at those numbers that the current voting system (First Past the Post, or FPTP) simply is not fair and not democratic. It disenfranchises the vast majority of the population, as only about a third of the votes cast actually make a difference to the election outcome. The rest of us – well, we might as well stay at home.
Having established that FPTP is unfair and that we would quite like a proportional system, the first thing to note about AV is that it is not proportional. If anyone tells you it is, they’re either misguided or outright lying. The AV system retains the single-member constituency. This means that only one party can represent a constituency, which in turn means that the result is not proportional to the number of votes cast for each party either in that constituency or in the country as a whole. (Whether single-member constituencies are a good thing is a question for another day.) So when Gordon Brown put AV on the table as his electoral reform of choice back in April, of course it was a scam.
For me, the biggest risk around adopting AV in May – and this is something I’m still genuinely concerned about – is that it will be used as an excuse to block further reform. We will be hearing the words “We’ve only just had a change, let it bed in” for the next 50 years.
Equally, however, AV is what is now on the table, and in this world, in this life, you play the hand you’re dealt. So I’m choosing to hope. The AV campaign will certainly get people talking and thinking about change and electoral reform. And hopefully if AV is implemented, it will demonstrate that change is possible and can be positive. Hopefully it will make people consider further changes in a positive light.
Beyond meta arguments on change, though, I do believe AV has one or two merits in its own right. Firstly, it eliminates the need for tactical voting. No more leaflets through your door using dodgy numbers and doctored charts to tell you how Labour can’t win here. No more grudgingly putting your cross in one box but really wishing the other guys stood a snowball’s chance in hell around here. No more trying to second-guess your fellow voters so you can vote with them rather than waste your vote. AV lets you rank candidates according to preference. So if you really like the Greens, you can say so. And if you don’t happen to live in Brighton & Hove, well then your vote still isn’t wasted, because you can say who you like second-best, and third-best and all the way down to the BNP. Being able to vote for the people you actually want to vote for, without wasting your vote, is worth a lot in my book.
The second benefit of AV is that we will actually be able to get some data on the results a truly proportional system would produce. Currently even the best numbers we have are estimates. If you just look at how people voted in the last election, it isn’t particularly representative as so many people would have voted tactically, rather than for their first preference. However, if people are allowed to rank candidates in order of preference we will get a much better picture of what kind of Parliament a truly proportional system would return. That way, when the PR referendum comes around, at least we won’t have all the scaremongering about letting the extremists in.
Those are my two reasons why I intend to ruin a good pair of shoes in the next six months. The Yes campaign has many more, and you may have some of your own. If you do, go and sign up. And if you’re not convinced yet, then talk to people about it. Ultimately, a healthy debate on the issue will only help all of us make up our minds.
And so tomorrow, I will be hosting the Yes to Fairer Votes campaign launch in Newcastle. It’ll probably rain, and we’ll probably get overrun by the people trying to shut down the Vodafone store just up the road. Hopefully, though, we’ll also get to talk to a lot of people, raise awareness, sign up lots of volunteers for the campaign, and change some minds. I’m looking forward to it.
Author Archives: elmyra
What goes around comes around
I realised this morning what this government’s science and education policy reminds me of.
Back in communist Bulgaria we had a joke. It went like this:
The glorious leader (Todor Zhivkov, if you must know, but I like calling him the glorious leader), the Pope and a bloke on his gap year are on an aeroplane, and the plane gets into trouble. Let’s say it flies through an ash cloud. With the plane about to crash, the three of them find they only have two parachutes between them.
Zhivkov says, “I am the leader of a nation that is on the cutting edge of science and technology. Without my leadership the world will suffer a serious setback in scientific progress. I must have a parachute.” And off he goes.
The Pope turns to the student and says, “I have made my peace with God, my child. He will take care of me. You are young, you have your whole life before you, take the other parachute and save yourself.”
The boy looks at the Pope and says, “Thank you Father, but there’s no need. The guy on the cutting edge of scientific progress couldn’t tell the difference between a parachute and a backpack. So I’ll have to get a new tent, but at least both you and I can save ourselves.”
A Fairer Britain, the American Dream Remix, by Nick Clegg
Remember before the general election, as all the parties were looking for little slogans and soundbites to help you identify them by? If you were playing buzzword bingo, the Lib Dem slogan was a high score: “Change that works for you, building a fairer Britain”. A bit of a mouthful, but it did have both the buzzwords du jour.
Fast forward six months. Nick Clegg has today told us what his definition of a fairer Britain is. There is a lot I object to in his speech: the now familiar deficit narrative, the story about not passing on the debt to the next generation, some of the details on the coalition’s deficit reduction principles. One sentence, however, truly stands out; one sentence sends chills down my spine:
“True fairness is about the distribution of chances, not just about the distribution of cash.”
Clegg’s main argument is around the different definitions of fairness, and he sets out to convince us that his is the right one. It is, he argues, equality of opportunity and not equality of outcome that really matters. Those who make an effort to better themselves should be rewarded, while being shielded from the effects of pure bad luck. To achieve this, the Deputy Prime Minister proposes a £7bn spending plan, to make available pre-primary education to deprived 2-year-olds, as well as the pupil premium and a student premium (the latter not entirely thought through by the sounds of it). By doing this, Mr. Clegg argues, we will level the playing field, giving poor children the same opportunities as rich children, which will allow them to be successful in life if they are willing to work hard.
I don’t know if the Deputy Prime Minister doesn’t realise or is simply wilfully ignoring how dangerous his rhetoric is, how damaging the message. We can see first-hand what the message of equality of opportunity achieves in the United States – one of the most unequal societies in the world. The American dream is a treacherous friend. If only you try hard enough, it says, you can achieve anything. You can be anything you like – a millionaire, or even President. It points us constantly at success stories, both real and fictional, the current occupant of the White House one of them.
But the American dream has a flip side. By starting from the assumption that “all men are created equal”, it is blinkered to the inequalities inherent in society – to class and privilege, to path dependence and deprivation. If only you work hard enough, whispers the American dream, you will overcome all of that, and you will be successful. By extension, though, if you haven’t succeeded, you only have yourself to blame; you must not have tried hard enough, worked hard enough. Those other people from the same background as you succeeded (one in a million though they might be), so if you haven’t, it must be something wrong with you. So you deserve to be poor, you deserve to get no help – you didn’t try hard enough.
In all fairness, Mr. Clegg’s vision isn’t quite as blinkered to the existence of privilege and the topology of the playing field. This is precisely why he wants to invest £7bn in levelling said playing field; he specifically calls out the state’s role in doing exactly that. Yet it takes more than a couple of billion pounds spent on early education to dismantle privilege and create true equality of opportunity. It takes cultural and social change. If we truly wanted to level the playing field, we would close Eton. This move it not about creating equality of opportunity – it is about sustaining privilege while giving those of us born without it just enough scraps from the table of our masters to keep us quiet.
Much more importantly though, we should not underestimate the importance of equality of outcome as a key value and key definition of fairness. I am not saying we should all receive an equal slice of the pie regardless of our efforts; but looking at the gulf that separates rich and poor in Britain, all this talk of fairness based on equality of opportunity pales into insignificance. A country with the third-largest GDP in the EU has the seventh-highest poverty rate. Nearly one in five people in the UK live in poverty. London, one of the world’s wealthiest cities, is also the region of the UK with the highest poverty rate – nearly 30%. Nearly 3 million children live in poverty, costing society as a whole £25 billion annually. (Incidentally, that is more than half of the interest payments on the UK debt that the Deputy PM so objects to.) The majority of those children are not from the Daily Mail poster cases of workless families on benefits. The majority of them have at least one parent in work – working hard – barely able to make ends meet. Nick Clegg’s £7 billion will not rectify any of that – it is not designed to rectify any of that.
So maybe instead of paying lip service to fairness, and leaving the next generation deficit-free in a damaged labour market with chronic structural unemployment, a privatised education system, and a hollowed out, gutted knowledge economy, Nick Clegg could give us something to really aspire to: a truly fair Britain where no one is left behind – not in opportunity and not in outcome.
On sex education and the romantic comedy
I came across this interesting article via @DrPetra a while ago. It talks about our socially prevalent definition of sex.
Foreplay is defined by Webster’s dictionary consistent with the heterosexual, male-focused way most people in our culture describe it. Webster’s online dictionary states that foreplay is: “erotic stimulation preceding intercourse” and the “action or behaviour that precedes an event.” In this definition, foreplay is all that comes before the main event–with the main event being heterosexual intercourse.
In most people’s minds, the article argues, sex is defined as intercourse, and it doesn’t even “count” as sex unless the man has an orgasm. To underline the point, apparently when President Clinton was facing impeachment for having or not having “sexual relations with that woman”, a poll in the US found that most Americans thought that oral sex wasn’t really sex. And rumour had it that the ongoing joke in Israel at the time was that the Americans weren’t doing it right. There is a more serious point to this though.
There is a lot of concern and moral outrage in our society about pornography, and particularly about teenagers using pornography as a substitute for sex education. Most mainstream porn, after all, hardly treats women with respect, tends to be fairly formulaic (to the point of being funny), and does tend to leave young and impressionable minds with the wrong idea of sex.
And yet, here I would argue that the fragile minds of our children have a far greater enemy when it comes to healthy sexuality and sexual equality than porn: the romantic comedy. Let’s have a look at some of the messages romantic comedies send to young women (and men) about what is expected of them in a relationship.
- As a woman, your only value is as the love interest. Your life should revolve around getting the guy. Nothing else is worth talking about. (How many romantic comedies can you think of that pass the Bechdel Test?
- If you’re lucky, you might be allowed to be brainy and beautiful. But really, just being pretty is enough. Don’t worry your little head about anything else.
- You may be an independent woman. You may even have a hugely successful career. But all of that is temporary and you won’t care about it anymore when you meet the guy. He will become the centre of your universe.
So far, so good, and damaging enough. But here’s where the romantic comedy (and more generally the Hollywood view of sex) really does its worst. Imagine it: The hero finally gets the girl/the girl finally finds the meaning of her life in the form of the guy; they run towards each other, they embrace, they kiss. Next thing you know they’re in bed together, and you’re invited to imagine that they’re having intercourse. I bet I know what you see in your mind’s eye right now: soft lighting, he’s on top, the covers are strategically draped over them and she, for all the world, looks like she’s in absolute ecstasy from having his hands… stroke her face. Yeah. Can you remember the last time you saw a man hand between a woman’s legs in a Hollywood sex scene?
There are two things profoundly wrong with this picture. The first, and arguably more obvious one, is what I’ve already alluded to above. Let’s face it, the vast, overwhelming majority of women do not orgasm from intercourse alone. (Even those who do, generally only do so when they’re on top.) And if you’re a man and this is news to you, one romantic comedy I can recommend is “When Harry Met Sally”. So what your typical Hollywood sex scene does is basically perpetuate the myth that sex is vaginal intercourse in which the male partner has an orgasm, thus completely devaluing women’s sexuality and their sexual experience.
But the next bit is even worse. Replay that movie again in your head: guy meets girl, predictable plot happens, guy gets girl, they snog, next they’re having sex with a stirring piano soundtrack in the background. What’s missing? At no point do they actually talk about having sex. No mention of who’s got the condom, let alone any communication of what either of them actually likes to do in bed. And so generation after generation of kids grow up, unable to talk to their partners about sex – not just unable, unaware that this is something one should possibly consider doing. Because let’s face it, parents aren’t terribly good at talking to kids about sex and rely on schools to do it, and schools… well, unless you’ve got an exceptionally good teacher all you get is the condom/banana talk – if you’re lucky.
So next time you hear anyone spluttering moral outrage about how easily kids can access porn these days, maybe you could ask them how much damage porn does to the healthy sexuality of teenagers compared to romantic comedies. Porn is far from harmless, but it is the social acceptance of the Hollywood model of sexuality that makes it so insidious and at least as damaging as porn.
Ed Miliband, the role model
When all the Mail on Sunday could come up with as a reaction to Ed Miliband’s election as Labour leader was to point out that he was unmarried and his name wasn’t on the birth certificate of his son, I must admit I was mildly amused. After all, in my little left-wing, progressive, socially liberal bubble of the universe, Mr. Miliband’s choices about how to conduct his private life really should have no impact on his job performance as leader of the opposition or even as Prime Minister.
Yet, by Tuesday that nasty persistent whining from the right on the subject still hadn’t gone away. Richard Littlejohn, that paragon of right-wing family values, and Tim Montgomerie have both weighed into the conversation yesterday, trying desperately to sabotage the political debate and keep the already annoying Miliband family soap opera on the front pages while the Labour party conference fades into the background.
And yet, the trick that Messrs Littlejohn and Montgomerie are missing is that the personal is political – something feminists have known for decades. So let’s look at how Mr. Miliband’s family status matters, and what the right’s focus on it really tells us about the kind of society these people envision for us.
Richard Littlejohn finds it ironic that while in “fashionable left-wing circles” marriage between a man and a woman is seen as something reactionary and old-fashioned, civil partnerships for same-sex couples are celebrated. If, he asks, Mr. Miliband and Ms Thornton intend to stay together for the rest of their lives, then why not get married. There is a tangled mess of underlying assumptions behind these comments.
For a start, we don’t know – and frankly shouldn’t care – whether Ed Miliband and Justine Thornton intend to stay together for the rest of their lives. Yes, they have been together for five years, and they have a child together, with a second one on the way. Yet, the rest of someone’s life can be a very long time, and not just because futurologists predict that the first person to live to 1000 years old could be in their fifties today. People change, their goals and outlook on life change, and even the children grow up. A modicum of awarenss of the long term is the minimum I expect from my political leaders, and Mr Miliband for me is showing that by not binding himself in an extremely restrictive legal way to another person.
There is also a certain presumption in all of this commentary that Ed Miliband is the only person in the relationship who has a say over whether they get married, or whose name is on the birth certificate. The right is trying to treat Ms. Thornton here as a “trophy wife” – the same way the press dealt with Sarah Brown (Anyone remember her toes?) and “Sam Cam” whose greatest contribution to anything was to make us feel that her husband was a real man by being visibly pregnant during the election campaign. It is time for commentators like Mr. Littlejohn to realise that women – even politicians’ partners – are human beings, that they have agency and free will of their own.
Finally, Mr. Littlejohn seems to be starting from the assumption that “one size fits all” when it comes to relationships: if you like gay “marriage” then you should like straight marriage; if you have children you should be married. It’s a terribly restrictive view of human relationships, and just because the traditional “one man, one woman, two kids” model may have worked out for him doesn’t mean it’s right for everyone else. Why is it always the right – the proponents of a small state and the worshippers of market-enabled choice – who want to regulate human relationships, who want to deny us the basic rights of choice in the most personal areas of our lives? Is it so difficult to comprehend that context matters; that a person’s experience and outlook on life matters; that two people (and sometimes three, or four – I know it’s a shock!) can have an adult covnersation about how to run their own lives, and make their own decisions, without the state or the Daily Mail having a say in it?
Richard Littlejohn shows grave concern for the kind of role model Ed Miliband, in his new role as leader of the opposition, will be for the country. Here is the kind of role model that he is to me:
He is clearly a man of passion – someone who cares deeply about the biggest social and political problems of our times. And yes, perhaps he prioritised a climate change conference over getting married, or getting his name on a piece of paper – this for me makes him a man who can see the bigger picture. Again, this should be a minimum requirement for our political leaders.
I am making my own assumptions here, but I suspect Ms. Thornton would have had a strong voice when it came to the couple’s decision on how to conduct their relationship. This to me shows that Mr. Miliband is the kind of man who can respect his partner, have a mature and adult conversation about their relationship, and reach an agreement, even if that may not be to his political advantage. In a culture where women are routinely treated as objects, Mr. Miliband is brave to show us a different way.
Of course, Ed Miliband’s success in the leadership election also sends a strong message that “people like him” – people who have children out of wedlock, and whose name isn’t on those children’s birth certificate – can be successful, can be deemed worthy of maybe one day even becoming Prime Minister. That is a very powerful message, as it contradicts the constant pressure for conformity we face from the likes of Mr. Littlejohn.
I do not support the Labour party, but I would like to hear Ed Miliband’s political vision, not see his message drowned out by a media-generated strom in a teacup over issues which stopped being issues back in the 1980s.
Some days I’m ashamed of being human
A couple of weeks ago this piece of propaganda hit my desk. It’s a flyer from Covington, Northern Kentucky, aimed against the first ever Northern Kentucky Gay Pride which is scheduled to take place next month. The writing style – if you can call it that – is ranting and raving, close to unreadable; but the flyer does somehow get its point across: gay men will seduce your young sons and turn them gay; they are dangerous paedophiles, they are not normal human beings, and they do not deserve basic human rights such as the freedom of association. “Sure”, it says, “assault is illegal, but it is safe to say that most normal people are happy to see that some among us will put these social rejects in their place when there [sic] excesses become to [sic] much to tolerate.”
I must admit that, quite naively, I had believed this line of argument against homosexuality to have safely died out back in the 1950s and 1960s, and encountering it roaming freely in the wild in the 21st century made me feel physically sick. But I decided to write it off as yet another scary but far-away expression of the US culture wars, not something I needed to be immediately concerned about. The US culture wars, however, have a way of spilling over the Atlantic, sooner or later.
And so this particular piece of the culture wars came back to haunt me today, in the form of Michael Burleigh’s piece on the Pope’s visit in today’s Telegraph. The whole article is full of unpleasantly hateful language and poorly-thought-out attacks on secularists and liberals, but what struck me was this: “Because child abuse is involved, rather than the more widespread phenomenon of homosexual predation on young men, these manifestations will receive much media attention”. Not only has the moral and logical fallacy of homosexuality = paedophilia not died a death in the middle of last century – no, it appears to be alive and kicking today even in Britain!
I really don’t think that speaking out against this kind of thinking is even remotely likely to reach those who hold these opinions – and yet I still feel strangely compelled to comment. Call it feeding the trolls.
As a bisexual woman and a survivor of child abuse (perpetrated by a straight man), let me at least skim the surface of the many things which are wrong with equating (male) homosexuality with paedophilia.
Firstly – and I can’t believe this actually needs saying – homosexuality is not the same a paedophilia. The vast majority of gay people are sexually attracted to adults – admittedly of our own sex, but adults nonetheless. Conversely, paedophiles aren’t all male, and don’t all just molest “young male children” (Covington flyer). I know, it might be a challenge to keep track of so many complex distinctions, but unfortunately the world is rarely black and white.
Here, though, is the thing that really bothers me: The “protect our young male children from these perverts” lobby shows a shocking disregard for young female children. There is an implicit value statement here which says boys are worth protecting, girls can just be left to the paedophiles. That’s the part of it that makes me feel physically sick. It begs the question, how many of these people’s daughters suffer horrific abuse in silence while their fathers are out there putting “perverts” and “social rejects in their place” to protect their sons?
Food for thought?
Electoral reform part deux
The long boredom of the summer recess is over and Parliament is back in session. (Do remind me to tell you about the great idea I had for a new reality TV show to run during the next summer recess.) Anyway, Parliament is back, debating mostly electoral reform of one kind or another: the AV referendum, fixed term Parliaments, etc. So I guess it’s time for me to write about electoral reform again, too.
I believe I’ve made my views on FPTP clear in the past, but for the record, it’s an appalling, undemocratic, unrepresentative voting system. It’s about as unfair as they come, and not to the ever-complaining Tories. Let’s remind ourselves of the number of votes required for some of the parties in the UK to win a seat in Westminster: Lab: 33k, Con: 35k, LibDem: 126k, Greens: 200k.
Another effect of FPTP which doesn’t get talked about very often – but is kind of obvious from the above numbers – is that it severely penalises small parties and strongly encourages large ones. No society, however, can easily be split in just two camps: we are not all simply either Labour or Tory, either Democrat or Republican. I may be economically left-of-centre, and politically liberal; I am also a woman, a bisexual, middle class, an immigrant, childless, working full-time, I believe climate change is the biggest challenge we face, and have many, many other interests and facets to who I am which have a political aspect. The same thing goes for any one of us. However, the party of middle class bisexual immigrant childless women would be quite small – and even smaller if you only took the women who agreed on every single policy issue. The First Past the Post political system would strongly discourage its existence. And so we look to get together with another party whose views we more or less share – they might be the middle class immigrant childless lesbians, they might be the working class bisexual childless women, or even the middle class immigrant men; and then we find another group, and another, to join our ever-expanding political party. You can probably already see how easy it is to form a daisy-chain from you to anyone anywhere else on the political spectrum, even if you’re only taking tiny incremental steps with each new association.
So what we end up with in an FPTP system is a political landscape generally dominated by two parties. Those parties are large and far from homogeneous – they are “broad churches” (yes, that is a technical political science term – remind me to explain about cross-cutting cleavages some day). In fact, it is fair to say that the large parties produced in an FPTP system are coalitions in themselves. You can see plenty of evidence of this in the three main parties in the UK: The LibDems split reasonably neatly into a social wing and the Orange Book wing; Labour have a hard-core left wing trying to cohabit with the Blairites who in turn would actually not be too out of place in the more centrist wing of the Tory party (I may be being charitable here).
Remember back in May all the fear-uncertainty-doubt talk about how coalitions were undemocratic because they made shady deals in smoke-filledfree rooms and were thus not accountable to the public who had voted for the parties involved based on their manifestos and not based on some sort of coalition agreement? So what do you think produces said manifestos other than shady deals and back-room politics, except in a much less transparent, scrutinisable way?
That much about the theory. As a quick postscript, let’s have a look at the damage FPTP is doing to the UK political landscape in practice. So we have the two main parties (the LibDems will forgive me if I treat them separately here) which historically represented different class interests: Labour, economically left of centre, representing the working class (or, well, labour); and the Conservatives, economically right of centre, representing the upper classes (in other words, capital). The LibDems are a freak of nature, a misshapen merger of what was left of the 19th century Liberals and a centre-left off-shoot of Labour. Under Tony Blair, Labour moved to the right, and up along the authoritarian axis for those of you playing along at home on Political Compass. The LibDems’ social wing (which I’d still like to believe makes up the majority of the actual membership) has been submerged by the Orange Bookers who are now solidly forming the leadership of the party. And so the British political landscape is left with a large social-democracy-shaped black hole in it – not so good for those of us who would like someone to represent us in that part of the spectrum.
That’s it for tonight. In the next instalment, by popular request, I’ll be trying to convince myself to campaign for AV.
Our politicians are ill-equipped for the 21st century
I have been rewatching the West Wing recently – it is remarkably addictive. Somewhere in between mainlining up to 5 episodes a night, this quote struck me:
“It’s not just about abortion, it’s about the next 20 years. Twenties and thirties it was the role of government, fifties and sixties it was civil rights. The next two decades it’s gonna be privacy. I’m talking about the Internet. I’m talking about cell phones. I’m talking about health records and who’s gay and who’s not. And moreover, in a country born on the will to be free, what could be more fundamental than this?”
Sam Seaborn says this in the first-season episode “The Shortlist”; so if Aaron Sorkin, the creator of the show, understood this back in 1999, why is it that our politicians and leaders continue to be so woefully ill-equipped for the 21st century eleven years later?
It’s important to note that this is hardly an issue that is limited to one side of the green benches. Both the previous government and the current one have plenty of examples to demonstrate that their level of understanding of technology and science is not up to scratch. Both have a record of getting carried away with the opportunities technology provides to the state without asking the right questions about the impact on the individual.
Exhibit one: Medical records
The electronic patient care records system was an initiative of the previous government. Don’t get me wrong, I work in technology, and I can definitely see the potential benefits of medical records stored in a central database, easily accessible to authorised healthcare professionals for use in patient care. However, the way the project was executed betrays a shocking lack of understanding of the technology involved and its social implications at the highest level of government. For instance, while patient consent was ostensibly sought, this was a pro-forma exercise: many households who received letters telling them about the initiative and how to opt out didn’t even realise the importance of them and filed them straight in the recycling.
To this day, the guiding principles and rules for accessing and using the data aren’t particularly well publicised. Who and under what circumstance has access to a patient’s medical records? How is authorisation obtained and does it at any point expire? What rights does the patient have to view their own medical records, and to understand who has accessed them and why? Can data on the database be used for purposes other than treating the individual patient, e.g. for medical studies, and what safeguards are in place to gain patient consent for this and ensure their privacy? Once the data is in the system, who owns and controls it – the patient or the NHS? Under what circumstances can access be obtained to medical records for non-medical uses, e.g. by the police or other institutions of the state? Is the data physically held in this country, or is it transferred to countries with different and potentially weaker data protection laws? Some – though by far not all – of these questions have been addressed by the project. Others remain unanswered.
In addition to the above questions on access rights and data ownership, how is data integrity to be ensured? If the database is to hold the medical records of 60 million individuals, even at an error rate of one per cent that leaves 600,000 individuals with potentially fatal errors in their data. This is before considering malicious attacks on the database, either to obtain or alter records.
Exhibit two: The Digital Economy Act
The Digital Economy Act, particularly the large part of it which deals with online copyright infringement, is an example where the previous government succumbed to lobbying without fully understanding the technical, social and civil liberties implications of the legislation. It essentially hands over copyright policing on the internet to rights holders, at a very significant cost to both internet service providers and end users. If the implementation proposal currently on the table from Ofcom goes through as is, rights holders will have an unprecedented remit to invade individuals’ privacy by scanning their network traffic for copyrighted material. Not only that, but enforcement will be in the hands of rights holders and internet service providers, who will have the power to send end users threatening letters and most likely in the future to disconnect them from the internet, with very little in the way of due process.
While this protects the vested interests of a handful of people and companies, essentially supporting a few monopolies and cartels in the content industry whose business model would be obsolete without such legislation, the wide-ranging implications of the Digital Economy Act remain largely ignored and at best misunderstood by politicians. Handing over policing and enforcement of copyright to non-state actors is a constitutional precedent, and not in a good way. The same goes for allowing private companies to inspect individuals’ internet usage and traffic with – as per the current proposal – hardly any regulation. This doesn’t just change the relationship between the state and the individual, it brings in the private sector into this relationship without any safeguards.
Additionally to all this, the Digital Economy Act is highly likely to damage the real digital economy by, for instance, discouraging the provision of open WiFi access by small businesses such as pubs and coffee shops. Add to that the fact that it’s highly unlikely to achieve its goal to reduce online copyright infringement – the technology to make the Act toothless exists, and this will just be the final push to get users to adopt it – and the picture of our barely-technology-literate political classes is complete.
Exhibit three: The census
One of the early indications that the new coalition government isn’t much better than their predecessors when it comes to understanding the complex interplay between the realm of the technologically possible and the realm of the constitutionally, socially and politically desirable is Francis Maude’s recent announcement that he is looking to scrap the census. A cheaper, more accurate and more real-time way of achieving the same objective, he argues, is to use data already held in various government and private-sector databases to obtain a picture of who is living in the UK.
The first thing this ignores is basic technical feasibility. Reliably correlating each of the data sources the government proposes to use (e.g. NHS records, post office address lists, credit card checking registries, etc.) whilst ensuring data integrity is a nigh-on impossible task. It is also highly likely to leave us with huge gaps in our knowledge, compared to the census as it is conducted today. Especially data on diversity, be that ethnic, religious or sexual orientation, is likely to fall through the cracks.
Next is the issue of consent to use of the data. According to the Data Protection Act, if data is collected on an individual, they need to be informed what the data will be used for. When we give our information to various agencies we consent to it only being used for the stated purpose – not for our data to be later repurposed for a census.
Finally, there is the question of whether the proposed new approach would actually achieve the same results as the census. Don’t get me wrong – there are improvements we can make to the way the census is conducted. The fact that it is done at a household level, completed by the head of the household, means that a number of sensitive categories are misreported. For instance, a religious father may report his atheist child as belonging to a religion; a mother unaware that her child is gay may report them as heterosexual. This, however, is nothing compared to the inaccuracies, inconsistencies and gaps the proposed new method is likely to give us. Thinking about what census data is used for – targeting policy and government spending to those who need it – a data collection method which will leave out the most vulnerable, the minorities, and the underprivileged is hardly fit for purpose.
Exhibit four: Credit tracking agencies and benefit fraud
The latest in the series of “government meets 21st century” stories is of course David Cameron’s announcement last week that he is looking to use private credit reference agencies to crack down on benefit fraud. Handing over policing of an issue to the private sector, allowing private companies to breach individuals’ right to privacy: if you’ve been paying attention this should sound familiar by now. What is even worse is that, unlike the the copyright case where the issue being policed is only of commercial interest, in the case of benefit fraud we are talking about the state creating a financial incentive for private companies to snoop on individuals. Add to that the fact that this measure is exclusively targeted at the poor, and you have suddenly created a two-tier-citizen system, where some of us have a right to privacy while others don’t.
Let’s also not forget data integrity and reliability issues. When I was a student living in halls and needed to be credit-checked to get a mobile phone contract, this was a nearly-impossible task as credit checking happens on an address level. In student accommodation, where people rarely stay for more than nine months, being tarnished by your predecessors’ credit records was unavoidable.
Not only does this latest proposal demonstrate a lack of understanding of technology, it displays a basic ignorance of the constitution, which after all is supposed to establish the boundaries between the state and the individual. Yet again we see the state outsourcing key functions to the private sector, with little regulation, perverse incentives and a remarkable nonchalance about what this means for individuals.
***
One thing politicians of all parties should begin to understand is that as Generation Y and their successors reach the voting age, they are a lot more technology-savvy than our current crop of leaders. Issues of privacy, of data use, of the boundary between the state and the individual in a networked world, will not pass this generation by, and sooner or later they will hold their leaders to account. It is vitally important for the political classes to educate themselves about science and technology, to consider more than one viewpoint, regardless of the strength of the lobby groups, and to ensure that they have really asked all the questions before making decisions on these issues.
We need a credible left-of-centre alternative to the two main parties
The Twitter- and blogosphere today is full of rumours that Charles Kennedy along with up to five other Lib Dem MPs is considering defection to Labour. If indeed the rumours are true, I understand I sympathise with the sentiment behind this – I am no fan of this coalition government – but I believe in the long run it would be the wrong move, both for the Liberal Democrats and for the country.
Both from looking at the leadership and speaking to party activists, it is obvious that the Liberal Democrats are a divided party right now. There are those who subscribe to Orange Book style economic liberalism in addition to socially liberal values; and there is the more left-of-centre wing of the party. One side has more natural links with the Conservatives – more so now that the Conservatives have moved closer to the centre ground on key liberal issues such as gay rights; the left wing of the party, on the other hand, would much rather have taken their chances in a great rainbow coalition with Labour. It is also clear that the majority of the current leadership do actually feel quite comfortable in the coalition government, leaving senior figures on the left of the party as well as many members and activists wondering whether this is really the Liberal Democrat party they joined.
So far, so understandable, and I find it hard to blame anyone considering leaving the party, what with having let my own membership lapse even before the election as it became obvious that the party was shifting to the right under Mr. Clegg’s leadership.
And yet…
The more I watch the coalition, the more I am convinced that I should re-join the Lib Dems. Not because I agree with the vast majority of coalition policy: there are a few bits and pieces that I feel they are getting right, but those are few and far between. The reason why I want to re-join is to take the party back. While there are plenty of Orange Book liberals in the rank and file, I am increasingly convinced that the majority of the membership is, like me, extremely uneasy with the direction the current leadership has taken the party in. I believe that there will sooner or later be an opportunity to take the party back to the left of centre ground, and that we should be ready to do so when that opportunity presents itself.
I do not believe that defection to Labour is the right course, though I have flirted with it myself; and I am still keeping an eye on the leadership election because, if nothing else, the winner will have a hand in shaping political debate in the country for the foreseeable future. There are, however, many things that make me very uneasy about the Labour party. Don’t get me wrong – I believe the Labour government under both Tony Blair and Gordon Brown achieved a lot over the last 13 years. Before the current government got into power and started ripping apart the state, Britain was actually beginning to look convincingly like a social democracy. Labour’s record on civil liberties, however, along with their defence policy, has been utterly appalling. Ultimately, I am first and foremost a social liberal, and that is the box that Labour for me so often fails to tick.
This is why I believe that, if the Liberal Democrats have to split, it is vital for the left wing to remain an independent party in its own right. Those of us who value social democracy and social liberalism need to have that choice on the British political spectrum. Those who value economic liberalism seem to me to be more than adequately represented by the Cameron wing of the Conservative party. Therefore, until we have an electoral system which does not force people with very different political views into awkward coalitions under a party umbrella in order to have a shot at winning an election, I believe it is vital that a middle ground choice between Labour and the Tories remains in that otherwise unoccupied ground where the left-of-centre wing of the Lib Dems plays.
And so, if instead of crossing the aisle to the opposition benches, Charles Kennedy is willing to stand up and declare that he wants to take his party back, I will be the first to put my money where my mouth is and re-join the Liberal Democrats.
An open letter to Theresa May
Dear Mrs. May,
It was with horror that I head yesterday that you a looking to scrap a power which would allow police to remove and ban perpetrators of domestic violence from their homes for two weeks, giving their victims a chance to seek help and escape their abusers.
The quote from your spokeswoman in the Independent was particularly chilling: while tackling violence against women was a priority for this government, she said, “in tough economic times, we are now considering our options for delivering improved protection and value for money.”
Yet this is a false economy. Let me take you on a tour of the cost of violence against women. Let’s get one thing straight right from the start: Violence against women is absolutely endemic in our society. I’m talking about rape (over 200 women get raped every day in the UK), domestic violence (1 in 4 women will suffer this in the course of their lives), sexual abuse (32% of children are abused – mostly girls). 45% of women in the UK have at some point in their lives been victims of domestic violence, sexual abuse or stalking. A quarter of girls aged 13 to 17 have experienced physical violence from a boyfriend and a third have been pressured into sexual acts. It is difficult to get a precise picture of the numbers – violence against women is under-reported, consistent statistics not available; but just looking at the above data, a conservative estimate would have well over half the women in this country as victims of major violent incidents just because they are women. We should not forget to add to that the endless list of small insidious incidents that violate women’s minds or bodies – verbal harassment, threats, and a range of physical incidents from groping to flashing.
Just like it is difficult to get precise numbers for the extent of the issue, it is difficult to estimate the overall cost of it to our society. It is not a lump sum, easily visible and identified. Instead, it is spread over a variety of areas it impacts. Some of this cost, for instance, is born by the NHS – in the form of anything from immediate aftercare of rape victims to long-term therapy. A portion – not nearly enough – is born by the criminal justice system in the form of investigations, (often failed) prosecutions, and prison costs. A less obvious part of the cost hits social services when families break down either as a direct result of domestic abuse or as victims find it hard to sustain subsequent relationships. Employers, too, have to bear some of the cost: in the form of employees not performing to their full potential as their self-confidence is damaged by their experience of violence, as well as long-term absence and disability for those victims who suffer from debilitating depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic and anxiety attacks.
Ultimately, however, the vast majority of the cost of violence against women is born by women ourselves. Instead of confronting our attackers, seeking help, or seeking justice, the vast majority of us still walk away. We hide what happened to us, we don’t talk about it, we learn to live with it. There is a physical, emotional and financial cost of violence against women which is completely hidden from society because most women choose to bear it themselves. Why do we choose to do so?
There are many factors which influence women’s decisions on how to handle the violent incidents we experience: personal and family relationships, fear of future violence, social attitudes. (Did you know that over 1 in 4 people believe a woman is responsible for being raped if she is wearing revealing clothing; over 1 in 5 believe she is responsible for being raped if she has had many sexual partners? Nick Clegg has had 30 sexual partners. Is he asking for it?) One of the key factors, however, is the message we receive from the government – and especially from this government – loud and clear: An issue which affects at the very least a quarter of all people in the UK is not something this government is prepared to tackle; the suffering of millions of women is not important enough to make a priority and spend money on “in tough economic times”; and lest we forget, the minority of men falsely accused of rape are of greater concern to this government than the 200 women who get raped every single day. This government, in a very short time, has sent a very clear message that violence against women is something it is prepared to tolerate. And thus we remain silent, and bear the vast majority of the cost ourselves.
I conducted a little thought experiment a while ago. I started by asking myself what the socially acceptable and correct response to a minor incident of sexual assault (let’s say being groped) would be. Returning violence with violence is more than likely to end with me being charged with assault – at least in my particular circumstances as I am a trained kickboxer. Drawing the attention of others to the incident could be helpful in that it is likely to discourage the perpetrator from going further on this occasion but hardly stops them from attacking other women. I did consider the option of reporting the incident to the police, at which point the realisation dawned on me that our criminal justice system is simply not equipped to handle the sheer volume of incidents of violence against women: If every rape, every incident of child abuse, stalking or domestic violence, and every single minor incident were reported, the justice system would grind to a halt. Not only that – our society would grind to a halt too: With up to one in 16 men being a rapist, the prison population would soar to nearly two million. This is the scale of the problem that we are talking about, and it’s a problem which is hidden by victims because we have no confidence that our suffering will in any way be taken seriously, that anything will be done about it.
Perhaps if women stopped bearing all of this ourselves, if we stopped hiding the cost, if we really and truly made an effort to expose this as the huge festering social problem that it is, this government would notice. If every single one of us stood her ground, stood up and spoke out, and instead of internalising her experience made it society’s problem, demanded of government and society to address the issues, made the cost obvious, maybe then this government would re-asses its “options for delivering improved protection and value for money”.
Dear Mrs. May, if you truly believe that tackling violence against women is a priority for you and for this government, I strongly urge you to put your money where your mouth is. Start by re-instating the “go-orders” scheme, but don’t stop there. Send a loud and clear message that violence against women is not something this government is prepared to tolerate, that it should not be something we as a society are prepared to tolerate. Start working with your ministerial colleagues across departments to build a programme which will make violence against women history. This is not an issue which can be tackled solely by the Home Office: You will need to get – at the very least – Health, Education, the MoJ, the DWP, Communities and Local Government, the Treasury, as well as the Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister on board to truly make a difference. It is not an easy task, there are no easy answers, and few quick wins. You were, however, not elected as an MP and not put in charge of the Home Office to solve small and easy problems. The least I expect of my government is to tackle the really tough issues, and they rarely come tougher, or with a wider-ranging impact, than violence against women. Make this your legacy.
Sincerely yours,
Milena Popova
ETA: I had a request in the comments to share the postal address for contacting Theresa May to make it easier for other people to contact her. Her website lists the following contact details:
Home Office:
Rt Hon Theresa May MP
Home Secretary
2 Marsham Street
London
SW1P 4DF
House of Commons:
Rt Hon Theresa May MP
House of Commons
London
SW1A 0AA
Tel: 020 7219 5206
Fax: 020 7219 1145
mayt@parliament.uk
Constituency Office:
Maidenhead Conservative Association
2 Castle End Farm
Ruscombe
Berkshire
RG10 9XQ
Tel: 0118 934 5433 or 01628 604 961
Fax: 0118 934 5288